Nitrogen muaj electronegativity siab thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov nitrides nrog ntau yam khoom nrog electronegativity qis dua, suav nrog peb hom ionic nitrides, covalent nitrides thiab hlau nitrides. Boron Nitride
Cov nitrides uas tsim los ntawm alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau ntsiab lus yog cov ionic nitrides, thiab lawv cov siv lead ua feem ntau yog ionic bonds, thiab cov nitrogen ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm N3-, uas tseem hu ua ntsev-zoo li nitrides. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm ionic nitrides yog cov nquag dua, thiab lawv yooj yim hydrolyzed los tsim cov hydroxides thiab ammonia sib xws. Tam sim no, Li3N hauv ionic nitrides siv. Li3N yog cov khoom liab tob thiab yog cov khoom siv hexagonal crystal system. Nws muaj qhov ceev ntawm 1.27g / cm3 thiab lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm 813 ° C. Nws yooj yim rau synthesize thiab muaj cov ionic conductivity siab. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov khoom khov lossis kua lithium. Kev sib koom ua ke yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv lithium electrolytes khov tam sim no muaj.
Cov nitrides uas tsim los ntawm pawg IIIA ~ VIIA cov ntsiab lus yog covalent nitrides, thiab lawv cov siv lead ua los ntawm covalent bonds. Ntawm lawv, cov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm oxygen, pawg VIIA cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen yuav tsum raug hu ua nitrogen oxides thiab nitrogen halides. Cov nitrides covalent feem ntau siv yog cov nitrides ntawm IIIA thiab IVA cov ntsiab lus (xws li BN, AlN, GaN, InN, C3N4 thiab Si3N4, thiab lwm yam). Lub chav tsev zoo ib yam li tetrahedron ntawm pob zeb diamond, yog li nws tseem hu ua chav kawm Diamond nitride. Lawv muaj qhov nyuaj siab, qhov chaw yaj siab, thiab kev ruaj khov tshuaj zoo. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov ntug lub cev lossis semiconductors. Lawv siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej txiav, cov khoom siv ceramics kub siab, cov khoom siv microelectronic, thiab cov ntaub ntawv luminescent.
Cov nitrides uas tsim los ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv yog cov nitrides hlau. Cov atoms nitrogen nyob hauv cov cubic lossis hexagonal ze-packed hlau lattice qhov sib txawv, uas tseem hu ua infill nitrides. Cov mis tshuaj ntawm hom nitride no tsis ua raws li qhov sib piv stoichiometric nruj, thiab nws cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv ntau yam. Feem ntau cov hlau-hom nitrides muaj cov qauv NaCl-hom, thiab cov mis tshuaj yog MN-hom. Feem ntau, nws muaj cov khoom zoo li hlau, xws li cov xim hlau ci, kev coj ua zoo, kev nyuaj siab, qhov chaw yaj siab, kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj kev cia siab zoo hauv kev siv cov ntaub ntawv txiav, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv catalytic.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-19-2021