Mitundu itatu ya ufa wa nitride

Nayitrogeni ili ndi ma electronegativity ambiri ndipo imatha kupanga ma nitride angapo okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi ma electronegativity ochepa, kuphatikiza mitundu itatu ya ma ionic nitrides, ma covalent nitrides ndi ma metal nitrides. Boron Nitride

Ma nitride opangidwa ndi zitsulo za alkali ndi zinthu zachitsulo za alkaline earth ndi a ionic nitrides, ndipo ma crystals awo makamaka ndi ma ionic bond, ndipo zinthu za nayitrogeni zimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a N3-, omwe amatchedwanso kuti nitrides ofanana ndi mchere. Makhalidwe a mankhwala a ionic nitrides amagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo amasungunuka mosavuta kuti apange ma hydroxide ndi ammonia ofanana. Pakadali pano, Li3N mu ionic nitrides imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Li3N ndi solid red solid ndipo ndi ya hexagonal crystal system. Ili ndi kuchuluka kwa 1.27g/cm3 ndi melting point ya 813°C. Ndi yosavuta kupanga ndipo ili ndi high ionic conductivity. Ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi solid kapena liquid lithium. Coexistence ndi imodzi mwa solid lithium electrolytes zomwe zilipo pakadali pano.

Ma nitride opangidwa ndi zinthu za gulu la IIIA~VIIA ndi ma nitride a covalent, ndipo makhiristo awo amalamulidwa ndi ma covalent bond. Pakati pawo, mankhwala opangidwa ndi okosijeni, zinthu za gulu la VIIA ndi zinthu za nayitrogeni ayenera kutchedwa molondola ma nitrogen oxides ndi nitrogen halides. Ma nitride a covalent omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma nitride a zinthu za IIIA ndi IVA (monga BN, AlN, GaN, InN, C3N4 ndi Si3N4, ndi zina zotero). Gawo la kapangidwe kake ndi lofanana ndi tetrahedron ya diamondi, kotero limatchedwanso class Diamond nitride. Ali ndi kuuma kwakukulu, malo osungunuka kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi matupi a m'mphepete kapena ma semiconductors. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zodulira, ma ceramics otentha kwambiri, zida zamagetsi zazing'ono, ndi zinthu zowala.

Ma nitride opangidwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo zosinthika ndi a nitride achitsulo. Maatomu a nayitrogeni amapezeka m'mipata yachitsulo yokhala ndi cubic kapena hexagonal, yomwe imatchedwanso infill nitrides. Fomula ya mankhwala yamtunduwu wa nitride sitsatira chiŵerengero chokhwima cha stoichiometric, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamasiyana mkati mwa mtunda. Ma nitride ambiri amtundu wachitsulo ali ndi kapangidwe ka mtundu wa NaCl, ndipo fomula ya mankhwala ndi mtundu wa MN. Kawirikawiri, imakhala ndi zinthu ngati zitsulo, monga kunyezimira kwachitsulo, kuyendetsa bwino mpweya, kuuma kwambiri, malo osungunuka kwambiri, kuwonongeka ndi kukana dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ili ndi mwayi wabwino wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu, zida zamagetsi ndi zinthu zoyambitsa.