Nitrogen ine electronegativity yakakwira uye inogona kuumba nhevedzano ye nitrides ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvine electronegativity yakaderera, kusanganisira mhando nhatu dze ionic nitrides, covalent nitrides uye metal nitrides. Boron Nitride
Ma nitride anoumbwa ne alkali metals ne alkaline earth metal elements ndee ionic nitrides, uye makristaro avo anonyanya kuve ionic bonds, uye nitrogen elements dziripo muchimiro cheN3-, iyo inonziwo salt-like nitrides. Makemikari e ionic nitrides anoshanda zvakanyanya, uye anonyungudika nyore nyore kugadzira hydroxides ne ammonia zvinoenderana. Parizvino, Li3N mu ionic nitrides inoshandiswa. Li3N i deep red solid uye ndeye hexagonal crystal system. Ine density ye1.27g/cm3 uye melting point ye813°C. Zviri nyore kugadzira uye ine high ionic conductivity. Inogona kusanganiswa ne solid kana liquid lithium. Coexistence ndeimwe ye solid lithium electrolytes dziripo parizvino.
Ma nitride anoumbwa neboka re IIIA~VIIA zvinhu i covalent nitrides, uye makristaro avo anotongwa ne covalent bonds. Pakati pawo, macompounds anoumbwa ne oxygen, zvinhu zveboka re VIIA nezvinhu zve nitrogen zvinofanira kunzi nitrogen oxides nema nitrogen halides. Ma covalent nitrides anonyanya kushandiswa ndiwo ma nitride e IIIA ne IVA elements (akadai se BN, AlN, GaN, InN, C3N4 ne Si3N4, nezvimwewo). Chimiro che structural unit chakafanana ne tetrahedron yedhaimani, saka chinonziwo class Diamond nitride. Ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, high melting point, uye good chemical stability. Mazhinji acho i edge bodies kana semiconductors. Anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukucheka maturusi, high-temperature ceramics, microelectronic devices, uye luminescent materials.
MaNitride anoumbwa nezvinhu zvesimbi zvinoshanduka ndee metallic nitrides. Maatomu eNitrogen ari mu cubic kana hexagonal close-packed metal lattice gaps, ayo anonziwo infill nitrides. Fomura yemakemikari yerudzi urwu rwe nitride haitevedzere chiyero chakasimba che stoichiometric, uye maumbirwo ayo anogona kusiyana mukati memhando dzakasiyana. MaNitride mazhinji emhando yesimbi ane chimiro cheNaCl, uye fomura yemakemikari ndeye MN-type. Kazhinji, ine hunhu hwakafanana nesimbi, senge metallic luster, good conductivity, high hardness, high melting point, damage and corrosion resistance, etc., uye ine mikana yakanaka yekushandisa muzvinhu zvekucheka, zvinhu zvemagetsi uye zvinhu zvinokonzeresa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-19-2021