Kana tichitaura nezvefodya, pfungwa yekutanga ingavenikotini, chimwe chezvinhu zvirimo. Uyezve, vamwe vanhu vakaenzanisa nicotine nefodya vachiti "kusvuta kunokuvadza hutano" nekuda kwenicotine iri mufodya "Nicotine ine chepfu yakanyanya"? "Chikakananda "Mupaketi yefodya unogona kuuraya mombe here?" "Wakangwarira kusarudza miriwo ine nicotine" ...? Mafungiro akasiyana-siyana.
Asi kutaura chokwadi, izvi zvakasiyana nesainzi. Nicotine ialkaloid inogadzirwa nemusikirwo nemimwe miriwo yeSolanaceae. Miti yeSolanaceae inosanganisira kwete fodya chete, asiwo mhiripiri, matomatisi, mbatatisi, eggplant kana petunia. Fodya ndeimwe yemiti ine nicotine yakawanda. Parizvino, nicotine inoshandiswawo mufodya isina utsi, fodya dzemagetsi, uye mushonga wekutsiva nicotine.
Ko nicotine inogona kukonzera kenza here? Kana vanhu vachisvuta, zvinhu zvinouraya kenza zvinosvika makumi matanhatu nepfumbamwe zviri mufodya, zvakaita sebenzopyrene, zvinokuvadza muviri mushure mekupinda mumuviri wemunhu. Zvinhu izvi zvinokonzera kenza hazvisanganisi nicotine. Nicotine ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kenza mufodya. Mushumo weUS Director weHutano wa2014 wakataura kuti pari zvino hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti nicotine inokonzera kenza. US FDA yakazivisawo zvakajeka muna 2017 kuti nicotine pachayo haina hukama hwakananga nekenza.
Ongororo yekiriniki iripo ine chekuita nenicotine inotsigira kuti nicotine haikonzeri kenza muvanhu.
Kusvuta kunokonzera chepfu yenicotine here? Vanhu pavanosvuta, nicotine inofemerwawo panguva imwe chete. Nicotine inofemerwa inotapurirwa neropa uye inopfuura nemuropa-uropi. Zvinotora masekondi gumi chete kuti isvike kuuropi paavhareji, zvichiita kuti uropi hugadzire dopamine inonakidza uye inonakidza uye mamwe maNeurotransmitters. Kutaura chokwadi, nicotine ine kupindwa muropa uye kuvimba nayo. Kupindwa muropa nefodya kunokonzerwa nenicotine zvakanyanya. Chepfu yenicotine inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira chiyero, nguva, kuwanda, nzira yekusangana nayo, rudzi rwezvigadzirwa zvenicotine uye mutsauko wemunhu. Chiyero chenicotine chinotorwa nekusvuta chakachengeteka mumuviri wemunhu, uye zvakaoma kuwana chiyero chinodiwa kuti chibudise chepfu, uye hafu yehupenyu hwenicotine mumuviri ipfupi kwazvo, maawa maviri kusvika matatu chete, izvo zvinoita kuti nicotine inofemerwa munguva pfupi Ichagadziriswa.
Nicotine inokuvadza mwana ari mudumbu here? Nicotine inoyambuka zviri nyore placental barrier. Kuwanda kwenicotine muropa remwana ari mudumbu (maminitsi makumi matatu mushure mekusangana nemwana) kwakakwira ne15% kupfuura plasma yaamai, uye kuwanda kwenicotine muamniotic fluid kwakakwira ne80% kupfuura plasma yaamai. Kuwanda kwenicotine mudumbu kunokonzera uropi hwemwana ari mudumbu hwakakwira, izvo zvinokonzera shanduko dzakawanda mutsinga dzemuviri.
Mushumo weUS wegore ra2014 "Director of Health Report" wakataura kuti pari zvino pane humbowo hwakakwana hwekuti kubatwa nenicotine kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwemwana ari mudumbu, senge kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana kana kuzvarwa akafa. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti nicotine ine mhedzisiro pakukura kwemwana ari mudumbu, kudziviswa kwekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu, kufa kwemwana ari mudumbu uye chirwere chekufa kwemwana ari mudumbu kamwe kamwe. Kubatwa nenicotine mudumbu remwana ari mudumbu kunogona kukonzera kukura kusina kujairika kwemapapu emwana ari mudumbu, zvichiwedzera njodzi yeasthma uye chirwere chemapapu chinovhara mapapu. Kubatwa nenicotine mudumbu remwana kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekupindwa muropa nenicotine uye kukanganisa maitiro emwana ari mudumbu.
Ndingadya miriwo ine nicotine here? Vamwe veruzhinji vanonetseka kuti kunwa miriwo ine nicotine kunogona kukanganisa muviri. Kutaura zvazviri, hapana chikonzero chekunetseka. Kune rumwe rutivi, huwandu hwenicotine mumiriwo iyi hwakaderera zvikuru, iyo yakawanda yacho iri 3~100μg/kg. Saka huwandu hushoma hwenicotine hahuna basa zvachose. Kunyangwe iri mbishi kana yakabikwa, haizokanganisi muviri wemunhu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nicotine inonwiwa nemuromo yakaoma kunwisa kubva mudumbu, nekuti acidity iri mudumbu ichaita nicotine yakawanda kana iri muchimiro che ionized, izvo zvisiri nyore kunwisa ne mucosal epithelium. Kunyangwe nicotine ikanwisa muropa kubva mudumbu, inodzokera kuchiropa kuburikidza ne portal vein kuti iite metabolism, izvo zvinoguma nekudzikira kwemazinga e nicotine muplasma mushure mekupinda mumuviri uye kudzikira kukuru kwe bioavailability ye nicotine. Nokudaro, veruzhinji havafanirwe kutaura nezvekuchinja kweruvara rwe nicotine mumiriwo, uye hapana chikonzero chekunetseka nezvekutyisidzira kwayo kuhutano.
Kurapa kwekutsiva nicotine kwakachengeteka here? Kurapa kwekutsiva nicotine imhando yemushonga wenicotine usingashandisi fodya unotsiva nicotine unobva mufodya uye unobatsira vanosvuta kukunda kuvimba kwavo nefodya mumuviri nepfungwa. Yakashandiswa kare kuma1980s mushure mekunge Yu arega kusvuta. Vanhu vazhinji vanonetseka nezvekuti mushonga wekutsiva nicotine unogona kuva nechokwadi here.
Kurapa kwekutsiva alkaline semushonga wekutanga wekurega kusvuta kwawedzera kubudirira kwekurega kusvuta zvakapetwa kaviri.
Kuchengetedzeka kwenikotini Kurapa kwekutsiva kwakasimbiswa, uye kwawedzerwa paRunyorwa rweMishonga Inokosha yeWorld Health Organization, uye kwakagamuchirwa uye kwakurudzirwa neWorld Health Organization. Kurega kusvuta kunogona kushandiswa nechivimbo.
TinopaNikotini Yakachena 99.9%,Chitubu cheNikotini, Mvura yemunyu yeNicotine,Upfu hwemunyu weNicotine,Nikotini yakagadzirwa, yemhando yepamusoro ine mutengo unokwikwidzana.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-17-2021