I-nitrogen ine-electronegativity ephezulu futhi ingakha uchungechunge lwama-nitride anezinto eziningi ezine-electronegativity ephansi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zama-ionic nitrides, ama-covalent nitrides kanye nama-metal nitrides. I-Boron Nitride
Ama-nitride akhiwe yizinsimbi ze-alkali kanye nezakhi zensimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline angamalungu e-ionic nitrides, futhi amakristalu awo ngokuyinhloko ayizibopho ze-ionic, kanti izakhi ze-nitrogen zikhona ngesimo se-N3-, esibizwa nangokuthi ama-nitrides afana nosawoti. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zama-nitride e-ionic zisebenza kakhulu, futhi zifakwa kalula emanzini ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-hydroxide ahambisanayo kanye ne-ammonia. Njengamanje, kusetshenziswa i-Li3N kuma-nitride e-ionic. I-Li3N iyi-solid red solid futhi ingeyohlelo lwekristalu olunezinhlangothi eziyisithupha. Ine-density engu-1.27g/cm3 kanye ne-melting point engu-813°C. Kulula ukuyihlanganisa futhi ine-ionic conductivity ephezulu. Ingahlanganiswa ne-solid lithium noma i-liquid lithium. Ukuhlala ndawonye kungenye yama-solid lithium electrolytes atholakalayo njengamanje.
Ama-nitride akhiwe yizinto zeqembu le-IIIA~VIIA angama-nitride e-covalent, futhi amakristalu awo alawulwa yizibopho ze-covalent. Phakathi kwawo, ama-compounds akhiwe yi-oxygen, izinto zeqembu le-VIIA kanye nezinto ze-nitrogen kufanele abizwe ngokunembile ngokuthi ama-nitrogen oxides kanye nama-nitrogen halides. Ama-nitride e-covalent asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-nitride yezinto ze-IIIA kanye ne-IVA (njenge-BN, AlN, GaN, InN, C3N4 kanye ne-Si3N4, njll.). Iyunithi yesakhiwo ifana ne-tetrahedron yedayimane, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi i-class Diamond nitride. Anobulukhuni obuphezulu, iphuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu, kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali. Iningi lawo liyimizimba esemaphethelweni noma ama-semiconductor. Asetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi okusika, i-ceramics yokushisa okuphezulu, amadivayisi e-microelectronic, kanye nezinto ezikhanyayo.
Ama-nitride akhiwe yizinto zensimbi eziguqukayo angokwama-nitride ensimbi. Ama-athomu e-nitrogen atholakala ezikhaleni ze-lattice zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ezi-cubic noma ezine-hexagonal, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-nitride agcwalisayo. Ifomula yamakhemikhali yalolu hlobo lwe-nitride ayilandeli isilinganiso esiqinile se-stoichiometric, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kungahluka ngaphakathi kobubanzi. Ama-nitride amaningi ensimbi anesakhiwo sohlobo lwe-NaCl, kanti ifomula yamakhemikhali iwuhlobo lwe-MN. Ngokuvamile, inezakhiwo ezifana nensimbi, njengokukhanya kwensimbi, ukuqhuba kahle komoya, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, iphuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu, umonakalo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, njll., futhi inamathuba amahle okusetshenziswa ezintweni zokusika, izinto zikagesi kanye nezinto zokulungisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-19-2021