Uma sikhuluma ngogwayi, umcabango wokuqala ungase ubei-nicotine, esinye sezakhi zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bafanisa i-nicotine nogwayi bethi “ukubhema kuyingozi empilweni” ngenxa ye-nicotine ekugwayi “I-nicotine inobuthi obukhulu”? “I-Nicotine ephaketheni likagwayi kungabulala inkomo"? "Uqaphile ukukhetha imifino equkethe i-nicotine"...? Zonke izinhlobo zemibono zihlukile.
Kodwa empeleni, lezi zimangalo zihlukile kwezesayensi. I-Nicotine iyi-alkaloid ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ezinye izitshalo ze-Solanaceae. Izitshalo ze-Solanaceae azihlanganisi ugwayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nopelepele, utamatisi, amazambane, isitshalo seqanda noma i-petunia. Ugwayi ungenye yezitshalo ezicebile kakhulu nge-nicotine. Njengamanje, i-nicotine isetshenziswa futhi kugwayi ongenantuthu, ugwayi kagesi, kanye nokwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine.
Ingabe i-nicotine ingadala umdlavuza? Uma abantu bebhema, okungenani amakhemikhali angu-69 abangela umdlavuza aqukethwe kugwayi, njenge-benzopyrene, abangela umonakalo emzimbeni ngemva kokungena emzimbeni womuntu. Lawa ma-carcinogen awafaki i-nicotine. I-Nicotine iyisici esiyinhloko sokulutha kukagwayi. Umbiko woMqondisi Wezempilo wase-US ka-2014 ukhombe ukuthi okwamanje abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-nicotine ibangela umdlavuza. I-US FDA nayo yamemezela ngokusobala ngo-2017 ukuthi i-nicotine ngokwayo ayinabo ubudlelwano obuqondile nomdlavuza.
Ucwaningo lwamanje lwezokwelapha oluhlobene ne-nicotine lusekela ukuthi i-nicotine ayibangeli umdlavuza kubantu.
Ingabe ukubhema kubangela ubuthi be-nicotine? Lapho abantu bebhema, i-nicotine nayo ihogelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-nicotine ehogelwayo idluliselwa ngegazi futhi idlule emgoqweni wegazi nobuchopho. Kuthatha imizuzwana eyi-10 kuphela ukufinyelela ebuchosheni ngokwesilinganiso, okwenza ubuchopho bukhiqize i-dopamine emnandi nejabulisayo kanye namanye ama-Neurotransmitters. Ngokweqiniso, i-nicotine inomlutha futhi iyalutheka. Ukulutheka kukagwayi empeleni kubangelwa yi-nicotine ngezinga elikhulu. Ubuthi be-nicotine empeleni buxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kufaka phakathi umthamo, ubude besikhathi, imvamisa, indlela yokuchayeka, uhlobo lwemikhiqizo ye-nicotine kanye nomehluko womuntu ngamunye. Umthamo we-nicotine othathwa ngokubhema uphephile emzimbeni womuntu, futhi kunzima ukufeza umthamo odingekayo ukukhiqiza imiphumela enobuthi ebukhali, futhi ingxenye yempilo ye-nicotine emzimbeni imfushane kakhulu, amahora ama-2 kuya kwama-3 kuphela, okwenza i-nicotine ehogelwayo ngesikhathi esifushane izoguqulwa ibe yi-metabolism.
Ingabe i-nicotine iyingozi embungwini? I-nicotine idlula kalula isithiyo se-placental. Ukuhlushwa kwe-nicotine egazini le-fetus (imizuzu engama-30 ngemva kokuchayeka) kuphakeme ngo-15% kune-plasma kamama, kanti ukuhlushwa kwe-nicotine ku-amniotic fluid kuphakeme ngo-80% kune-plasma kamama. Lokhu kuvezwa kuzobangela ubuchopho be-fetus obuphezulu Izinga le-nicotine, okubangela uchungechunge lwezinguquko ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
“Umbiko Womqondisi Wezempilo” wase-US ka-2014 ukhombe ukuthi okwamanje kunobufakazi obanele bokuthi ukuchayeka kwi-nicotine kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yombungu, njengokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuzalwa komntwana eshonile. Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi i-nicotine inemiphumela ethile ekungalungiseki kahle kombungu, ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kombungu, ukufa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kanye nesifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo. Ukuchayeka kwi-nicotine ngaphambi kokuzalwa kungabangela ukukhula okungavamile kwamaphaphu ombungu, okwandisa ingozi ye-asthma kanye nesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu. Ukuchayeka kwi-nicotine yomzali kungakhulisa izinga lokulutha kwe-nicotine kombungu futhi kuthinte ukuziphatha kombungu.
Ngingadla imifino equkethe i-nicotine? Amanye amalungu omphakathi akhathazekile ngokuthi ukudla imifino equkethe i-nicotine kungathinta umzimba. Eqinisweni, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuqukethwe yi-nicotine kulezi zitshalo kuphansi kakhulu, iningi lazo lingu-3 ~ 100μg/kg. Ngakho-ke okuqukethwe yi-nicotine okuncane akunakwa nhlobo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuluhlaza noma kuphekiwe, ngeke kuthinte umzimba womuntu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-nicotine yomlomo kunzima ukuyimunca esiswini, ngoba indawo ene-asidi esiswini izokwenza i-nicotine eningi esimweni se-ionized, okungelula ukuyimunca yi-mucosal epithelium. Ngisho noma i-nicotine imuncwa egazini isuka endleleni yokugaya ukudla, izobuyela esibindini nge-portal vein ukuze isebenzise umzimba, okuholela emazingeni aphansi e-nicotine egazini ngemva kokungena emzimbeni kanye nokwehla okukhulu kokutholakala kwe-nicotine. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi akudingeki ukhulume ngokushintsha kombala we-nicotine emifinweni, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokusongela kwayo empilweni.
Ingabe ukwelashwa kokushintsha i-nicotine kuphephile? Ukwelashwa kokushintsha i-nicotine kuyindlela yokulungiselela i-nicotine engeyona eyogwayi ethatha indawo ye-nicotine etholakala kugwayi futhi isiza ababhemayo ukunqoba ukuthembela kwabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kugwayi. Kusetshenziswe kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 lapho uYu wayeka ukubhema. Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngokuthi ingabe ukwelashwa kokushintsha i-nicotine kungaqiniseka.
Ukwelashwa kokushintsha i-alkaline njengomuthi wokuqala wokuyeka ukubhema emtholampilo kuye kwaphindeka kabili izinga lempumelelo lokuyeka ukubhema.
Ukuphepha kwei-nicotine Ukwelashwa kokushintsha sekuqinisekisiwe, futhi kufakwe ohlwini lweMithi Ebalulekile yeNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, futhi kuye kwaqashelwa futhi kwanconywa yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba. Ukuyeka ukubhema kungasetshenziswa ngokuzethemba.
SihlinzekaI-Nicotine Emsulwa 99.9%,Isisekelo seNicotine, Uketshezi lwe-Nicotine Salt,Impuphu kasawoti we-nicotine,I-Nicotine Yokwenziwa, ikhwalithi ephezulu ngentengo encintisanayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-17-2021