N'ikwu maka sịga, ihe mbụ ị ga-eche bụnikotin, otu n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara ya. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị tụnyere nicotine na ụtaba na-arụ ụka na "ise siga na-emerụ ahụ ike" n'ihi nicotine dị na sịga "Nicotine na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu"?Nikọtin "N'ime otu ngwugwu sịga, ọ ga-egbu ehi?" "Ị ga-akpachara anya ịhọrọ akwụkwọ nri nwere nicotine"...? Echiche dị iche iche dị iche.
Ma n'eziokwu, ihe ndị a dị iche na sayensị. Nicotine bụ alkaloid nke ụfọdụ osisi Solanaceae na-emepụta n'onwe ha. Osisi Solanaceae anaghị agụnye naanị ụtaba, kamakwa ose, tomato, poteto, eggplant ma ọ bụ petunia. Taba bụ otu n'ime osisi ndị kacha baa ọgaranya na nicotine. Ugbu a, a na-ejikwa nicotine eme ihe na ụtaba na-enweghị anwụrụ ọkụ, sịga eletrọnịkị, na ọgwụgwọ nnọchi nicotine.
Nicotine ọ̀ nwere ike ibute ọrịa kansa? Mgbe mmadụ na-ese anwụrụ, opekata mpe ihe ndị na-akpata kansa 69 dị na ụtaba, dịka benzopyrene, na-emerụ ahụ ahụ mgbe ha banyere n'ahụ mmadụ. Ihe ndị na-akpata kansa ndị a anaghị agụnye nicotine. Nicotine bụ naanị ihe na-eri ahụ nke ụtaba. Akụkọ nke 2014 nke US Director of Health kwuru na enweghị ihe akaebe na nicotine nwere ike ịkpata kansa. US FDA kwupụtakwara nke ọma na 2017 na nicotine n'onwe ya enweghị njikọ kpọmkwem na kansa.
Nnyocha ahụike ugbu a gbasara nicotine na-akwado na nicotine anaghị ebute ọrịa kansa n'ahụ mmadụ.
Ịṅụ sịga ọ̀ na-akpata nsí nicotine? Mgbe mmadụ na-ese anwụrụ, a na-ekukwa nicotine n'otu oge. A na-ebufe nicotine a na-eku ume site n'ọbara ma na-agafe ihe mgbochi ọbara-ụbụrụ. Ọ na-ewe naanị sekọnd iri iji ruo ụbụrụ na nkezi, na-eme ka ụbụrụ mepụta dopamine dị ụtọ ma na-akpali akpali na ndị ọzọ na-ebufe Neurotransmitters. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ doro anya, nicotine nwere ahụ riri ahụ na ịdabere na ya. N'ezie, nicotine na-akpata iri ụtaba n'ọtụtụ akụkụ, gụnyere dose, oge, ugboro ole, ụzọ ikpughe, ụdị ngwaahịa nicotine na ọdịiche dị iche iche. Ọnụọgụ nicotine a na-aṅụ site na ise siga dị mma maka ahụ mmadụ, ọ na-esikwa ike iru dose achọrọ iji mepụta mmetụta dị oke njọ, ọkara ndụ nke nicotine n'ahụ dịkwa mkpụmkpụ, naanị awa 2 ruo 3, nke na-eme nicotine a na-eku ume n'ime obere oge. A ga-eme ka ọ gbakee.
Nicotine ọ na-emerụ nwa ebu n'afọ ahụ ahụ? Nicotine na-agafe ihe mgbochi placental ngwa ngwa. Ọnụọgụ nicotine dị n'ọbara nwa ebu n'afọ (nkeji iri atọ mgbe ekpughechara ya) dị elu karịa plasma nne (nwanne), ntinye nicotine dị n'ime mmiri amniotic dịkwa elu karịa plasma nne (nwanne). Mkpughe a ga-eme ka ụbụrụ nwa ebu n'afọ dị elu. Ọkwa nicotine, nke na-akpata usoro mgbanwe na sistemụ akwara.
"Onyeisi nke Akụkọ Ahụike" nke US nke afọ 2014 kwuru na e nwere ihe akaebe zuru oke ugbu a na ikpughe nicotine nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ na ahụike nwa ebu n'afọ, dị ka ịmụ nwa tupu oge eruo ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ. Ọtụtụ nnyocha egosila na nicotine nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na nkwarụ ọmụmụ nwa ebu n'afọ, mmachi uto nwa ebu n'afọ, ọnwụ tupu oge eruo na ọrịa ọnwụ mberede nwa ọhụrụ. Ikpughe nicotine tupu oge eruo nwere ike ibute mmepe na-adịghị mma nke akpa ume nwa ebu n'afọ, na-amụba ohere nke ụkwara ume ọkụ na ọrịa akpa ume na-adịghị ala ala. Ikpughe nicotine nne na nna nwere ike ime ka ọkwa nke nicotine riri ahụ nke nwa ahụ dịkwuo elu ma metụta omume nke ụmụ.
Enwere m ike iri akwụkwọ nri nwere nicotine? Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na-echegbu onwe ha na iri akwụkwọ nri nwere nicotine nwere ike imetụta ahụ. N'eziokwu, ọ dịghị mkpa ichegbu onwe gị. N'otu aka, ọdịnaya nicotine dị na akwụkwọ nri ndị a dị oke ala, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ 3~100μg/kg. Ya mere, obere ọdịnaya nicotine adịghị oke mkpa. Ma ọ bụ raw ma ọ bụ sie ya, ọ gaghị emetụta ahụ mmadụ.
N'aka nke ọzọ, nicotine a na-aṅụ na-esi ike ịmịpụta site n'afọ, n'ihi na gburugburu acidic nke afọ ga-eme ka nicotine dịkwuo mma n'ọnọdụ ionized, nke na-adịghị mfe ịmịnye site na mucosal epithelium. Ọ bụrụgodị na nicotine abanye n'ọbara site na eriri afọ, ọ ga-alaghachi na imeju site na portal vein maka metabolism, nke na-eme ka ọkwa nicotine dị ala na plasma mgbe ọ banyere n'ahụ ma belata nke ukwuu na bioavailability nicotine. Ya mere, ọha na eze agaghị ekwu maka mgbanwe agba nke nicotine na akwụkwọ nri, ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ichegbu onwe gị maka ihe iyi egwu ya na ahụike.
Ọgwụgwọ nnọchi nicotine ọ dị mma? Ọgwụgwọ nnọchi nicotine bụ ụdị nkwadebe nicotine dị obere nke na-abụghị nke ụtaba nke na-anọchi nicotine enwetara site na ụtaba ma na-enyere ndị na-ese anwụrụ aka imeri ịdabere na anụ ahụ na uche ha na ụtaba. A na-eji ya kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 1980, Yu kwụsịrị ise siga. Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-echegbu onwe ha ma ọgwụgwọ nnọchi nicotine ọ ga-ekwe omume.
Ọgwụgwọ nnọchi alkaline dịka ọgwụ mbụ maka ịkwụsị ise siga emeela ka ọ karịrị okpukpu abụọ karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ.
Nchekwa nkenikotin A kwadola ọgwụgwọ nnọchi anya, etinyekwala ya na Ndepụta Ọgwụ Dị Mkpa nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa ekwenyela ma kwado ya. A pụrụ iji obi ike kwụsị ise siga.
Anyị na-enyeNicotine dị ọcha 99.9%,Isi ihe dị na Nicotine, Mmiri nnu Nicotine,Ntụ ntụ nnu nikọtin,Nicotine sịntetik, ịdị mma dị elu yana ọnụ ahịa asọmpi.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-17-2021