I-nitrogen ine-electronegativity ephezulu kwaye inokwenza uthotho lwee-nitrides ezinee-element ezininzi ezine-electronegativity ephantsi, kuquka iintlobo ezintathu ze-ionic nitrides, i-covalent nitrides kunye ne-metal nitrides. I-Boron Nitride
Ii-nitrides ezenziwe zii-alkali metals kunye nee-alkaline earth metal elements zeze-ionic nitrides, kwaye iikristale zazo ikakhulu zii-ionic bonds, kwaye ii-nitrogen elements zikhona ngohlobo lwe-N3-, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-nitrides ezifana netyuwa. Iipropati zeekhemikhali ze-ionic nitrides zisebenza ngakumbi, kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa ukwenza ii-hydroxides kunye ne-ammonia. Okwangoku, kusetyenziswa i-Li3N kwi-ionic nitrides. I-Li3N yi-solid red solid kwaye ikwinkqubo yekristale yehexagonal. Inobunzima be-1.27g/cm3 kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ye-813°C. Kulula ukuyidibanisa kwaye ine-ionic conductivity ephezulu. Ingadityaniswa ne-solid okanye i-liquid lithium. Ukuphila kunye yenye yee-solid lithium electrolytes ezikhoyo ngoku.
Ii-nitrides ezenziwe zii-group IIIA~VIIA elements zii-covalent nitrides, kwaye iikristale zazo zilawulwa zii-covalent bonds. Phakathi kwazo, ii-compounds ezenziwe yi-oxygen, ii-group VIIA elements kunye nee-nitrogen elements kufuneka zibizwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuba zii-nitrogen oxides kunye nee-nitrogen halides. Ii-covalent nitrides ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zii-nitrides zee-IIIA kunye nee-IVA elements (ezifana ne-BN, AlN, GaN, InN, C3N4 kunye ne-Si3N4, njl.njl.). Iyunithi yesakhiwo ifana ne-tetrahedron yedayimani, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-class Diamond nitride. Zinobunzima obuphezulu, i-melting point ephezulu, kunye nozinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali. Uninzi lwazo zii-edge bodies okanye ii-semiconductors. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokusika, ii-ceramics zobushushu obuphezulu, izixhobo ze-microelectronic, kunye nezinto ezikhanyayo.
Ii-nitrides ezenziwe zizinto zesinyithi eziguqukayo zeze-nitrides zezesinyithi. Iiathom ze-nitrogen zifumaneka kwimivalo ye-lattice yesinyithi exineneyo okanye ene-hexagonal, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-infill nitrides. Ifomyula yekhemikhali yolu hlobo lwe-nitride ayilandeli umlinganiselo oqinileyo we-stoichiometric, kwaye ukwakheka kwayo kunokwahluka ngaphakathi koluhlu. Uninzi lwee-nitrides zesinyithi zinesakhiwo sohlobo lwe-NaCl, kwaye ifomula yekhemikhali yi-MN-type. Ngokubanzi, ineempawu ezifana nesinyithi, ezifana nokukhanya kwesinyithi, ukuqhuba kakuhle kombane, ubunzima obuphezulu, indawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, umonakalo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, njl.njl., kwaye inamathuba amahle okusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokusika, izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo ze-catalytic.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-19-2021