Ukuthetha ngeecuba, ingcinga yokuqala isenokubainicotine, enye yezinto eziyinxalenye yayo. Ngaphezu koko, abanye abantu bafanisa i-nicotine necuba besithi “ukutshaya kuyingozi empilweni” ngenxa ye-nicotine ekwiicuba “I-nicotine iyingozi kakhulu”? “I-Nicotine "Ingaba inkomo ingabulawa yingxolo xa ipakishwe kwicuba"? "Ulumkile xa ukhetha imifuno enenikotini"...? Zonke iintlobo zeembono zahlukile.
Kodwa eneneni, la mabango ahlukile kwisayensi. I-Nicotine yi-alkaloid eveliswa ngokwendalo zezinye izityalo zeSolanaceae. Izityalo zeSolanaceae azibandakanyi icuba kuphela, kodwa neepepile, iitumato, iitapile, i-eggplant okanye i-petunia. Icuba lelinye lawona zityalo zityebileyo kwi-nicotine. Okwangoku, i-nicotine ikwasetyenziswa kwicuba elingenamsi, icuba le-elektroniki, kunye nonyango lokutshintshwa kwe-nicotine.
Ngaba i-nicotine ingabangela umhlaza? Xa abantu betshaya, ubuncinane iikhemikhali ezingama-69 ezibangela umhlaza ezikwicuba, ezifana ne-benzopyrene, zibangela umonakalo emzimbeni emva kokungena emzimbeni womntu. Ezi khemikhali azibandakanyi i-nicotine. I-Nicotine yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umlutha kwicuba. Ingxelo yoMlawuli wezeMpilo wase-US ka-2014 ibonise ukuba okwangoku akukho bungqina bokuba i-nicotine ibangela umhlaza. I-FDA yase-US ikwabhengeze ngokucacileyo ngo-2017 ukuba i-nicotine ngokwayo ayinabudlelwane obuthe ngqo nomhlaza.
Uphando lwangoku lwezonyango olunxulumene ne-nicotine luxhasa ukuba i-nicotine ayibangeli umhlaza ebantwini.
Ngaba ukutshaya kubangela ityhefu yenikotini? Xa abantu betshaya, inikotini nayo iphefumlwa ngaxeshanye. Inikotini ephefumlwayo idluliselwa ngegazi kwaye idlule kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho. Kuthatha imizuzwana eli-10 kuphela ukufikelela ebuchotsheni ngokomyinge, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ingqondo ivelise i-dopamine emnandi nenomdla kunye nezinye iiNeurotransmitters. Ngokwenyani, inikotini inomlutha kwaye ixhomekeke kuyo. Umlutha wecuba ngokwenene ubangelwa yinikotini kakhulu. Ubuthi benikotini buxhomekeke kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanya umthamo, ubude, amaxesha, indlela yokuvezwa, uhlobo lweemveliso zenikotini kunye nomahluko womntu ngamnye. Umthamo wenikotini othathwa kukutshaya ukhuselekile emzimbeni womntu, kwaye kunzima ukufikelela kwidosi efunekayo ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinobuthi obukhulu, kwaye isiqingatha sobomi benikotini emzimbeni sifutshane kakhulu, iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 kuphela, nto leyo eyenza inikotini ephefumlwayo ngexesha elifutshane. Iya kunyibilika.
Ngaba i-nicotine iyingozi kwimveku engekazalwa? I-Nicotine inqumla lula umqobo we-placental. Uxinzelelo lwe-nicotine egazini lemveku (imizuzu engama-30 emva kokuvezwa) luphezulu nge-15% kuneplasma yomama, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-nicotine kulwelo lwe-amniotic luphezulu nge-80% kuneplasma yomama. Olu xinzelelo luya kubangela ubuchopho bemveku obuphezulu. Inqanaba le-nicotine, elibangela uthotho lotshintsho kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
I-“Director of Health Report” yase-US ka-2014 ibonise ukuba okwangoku kukho ubungqina obaneleyo bokuba ukuvezwa yi-nicotine kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, njengokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba i-nicotine inemiphumo ethile kwimiba yokuzalwa kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, ukuthintelwa kokukhula kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, ukufa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kunye nesifo sokufa kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa. Ukuvezwa yi-nicotine ngaphambi kokuzalwa kunokubangela uphuhliso olungaqhelekanga lwemiphunga yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, okwandisa umngcipheko we-asthma kunye nesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga. Ukuvezwa yi-nicotine kubazali kunokunyusa izinga lokulutha yi-nicotine kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa kwaye kuchaphazele indlela oluziphatha ngayo.
Ndingayitya imifuno ene-nicotine? Amanye amalungu oluntu akhathazekile kukuba ukutyiwa kwemifuno ene-nicotine kunokuchaphazela umzimba. Enyanisweni, akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka. Kwelinye icala, umxholo we-nicotine kwezi mifuno uphantsi kakhulu, uninzi lwazo luyi-3 ~ 100μg/kg. Ngoko ke umxholo omncinci we-nicotine awunamsebenzi konke konke. Nokuba iluhlaza okanye iphekiwe, ayizukuchaphazela umzimba womntu.
Kwelinye icala, i-nicotine ekhutshwa ngomlomo kunzima ukuyifunxa esiswini, kuba imeko-bume ye-asidi esiswini iya kwenza i-nicotine engakumbi kwimeko ye-ionized, engelula ukuyifunxa yi-mucosal epithelium. Nokuba i-nicotine ifunxwa egazini ukusuka kwindlela yokugaya ukutya, iya kubuyela esibindini nge-portal vein ukuze isebenzise i-metabolism, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanqanaba e-nicotine aphantsi kwi-plasma emva kokungena emzimbeni kunye nokuncipha okukhulu kwe-bioavailability ye-nicotine. Ke ngoko, uluntu alunyanzelekanga ukuba luthethe ngokutshintsha kombala we-nicotine kwimifuno, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngengozi yayo kwimpilo.
Ngaba unyango lokutshintsha i-nicotine lukhuselekile? Unyango lokutshintsha i-nicotine luhlobo lokulungiselela i-nicotine olungenacuba oluthatha indawo ye-nicotine efumaneka kwicuba kwaye lunceda abantu abatshayayo ukuba boyise ukuxhomekeka kwabo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo kwicuba. Lusetyenziswe kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 xa wayeka ukutshaya. Abantu abaninzi baxhalabile malunga nokuba unyango lokutshintsha i-nicotine lunokuqiniseka na.
Unyango lokutshintsha i-alkaline njengeyeza lokuqala lokuyeka ukutshaya luye lwaphinda kabini izinga lempumelelo yokuyeka ukutshaya.
Ukhuseleko lweinicotine Unyango lokutshintsha luye lwaqinisekiswa, kwaye longezwe kuLuhlu lweZiyobisi eziBalulekileyo ze-World Health Organisation, kwaye luye lwaqatshelwa kwaye lwacetyiswa yi-World Health Organisation. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kungasetyenziswa ngokuzithemba.
SibonelelaI-Nicotine ecocekileyo 99.9%,Isiseko seNicotine, Ulwelo lwetyuwa yeNicotine,Umgubo wetyuwa yeNicotine,I-Nicotine yokwenziwa, umgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso elikhuphisanayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-17-2021