Itandukaniro rya Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 ryoroshywe

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Fullerene C60 irahamye kandi yuzuye, mu gihe C70 ifite imiterere yihariye ituma igira akamaro mu bikorwa bigezweho.
• C60 ifite ishusho y'uruziga ifite atome 60 za karuboni, mu gihe C70 ifite atome 70 za karuboni, bigira ingaruka ku buryo zikora neza no kwinjiza urumuri.
• Fullerenes zombi zifite akamaro gakomeye mu buvuzi no mu ikoranabuhanga, aho C60 ari nziza cyane mu gukoresha amenyo na C70 mu selile z'izuba zikora neza cyane.

Itandukaniro mu miterere ya Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70

Kugereranya Ishusho n'Ingano

Ushobora kubona itandukaniro riri hagati ya Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 urebye imiterere n'ingano zabyo. C60 ikora ishusho yitwa icosahedron yagabanijwe. Iyi shusho isa n'umupira w'amaguru, ifite pentagoni 12 na hexagoni 20. C70 irakomeza mu kazu kameze nk'uruziga, bivuze ko ari ndende kandi ifite uruziga ruto ugereranyije na C60. Irimo pentagoni 12 na hexagoni 25. Ingano ya C60 ni nanometero 0.7 z'umurambararo. C70 ifite nanometero 0.71 kuri nanometero 0.79, bigatuma iba nini gato kandi ikagira ishusho y'uruziga.

Dore imbonerahamwe igaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibi:

Inama: Wibuka ko C60 imeze nk'umupira, mu gihe C70 imeze nk'umupira wa rugby.

Imiterere ya Molekile

Iyo urebye neza imiterere ya molekile, ubona ko Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 byombi bikoresha atome za karuboni mu kubaka utuzu twazo. Uburyo izi atome zihuzwa buhindura imiterere ya buri molekile. C60 ifite uburinganire bwo hejuru, bituma irushaho gukomera. C70 ifite uburinganire buke kuko irakura kandi ikongeraho hexagon nyinshi. Iri hinduka mu budasa rigira ingaruka ku buryo molekile zitwara.

Dore imbonerahamwe igaragaza imiterere ya pentagoni na hexagoni:

Ushobora kandi kubona itandukaniro riri mu rutonde rworoshye:

• C60 ifite pentagoni 12 na hexagoni 20.
• C70 ifite pentagons 12 na hexagons 25.

Hexagon z'inyongera muri C70 zica ubusumbane buboneka muri C60. Ubu buryo buhindura imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga kandi bugatuma C70 ifata urumuri mu buryo bwagutse. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha amakuru ya spectroscopic kugira ngo biga izi mpinduka. Impinduka kuva kuri C60 kugera kuri C70 ikubiyemo gucika ubusumbane, bigufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo uduce duto twa fullerene dutera.

Icyitonderwa: C60 na C70 byombi bikora nk'ibikira electron. Bigaragaza imiterere myinshi ya redox kandi bikinjira cyane mu buryo bugaragara bwa UV. Ibi bituma bigira akamaro mu turemangingo tw'izuba n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.

Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 bifite imiterere n'imiterere byihariye. Iri tandukaniro rigufasha guhitamo molekile ikwiye umushinga wawe.

Imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti ya Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70

Ituze

Ushobora kwibaza ukuntu izi molekile zihamye. Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 byombi bigaragaza gutuza gukomeye, cyane cyane iyo ubikumira kure y'urumuri rwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imiterere yabyo idasanzwe isa n'aho ari mu kazu ibafasha kwirinda gucika. Iyo ubimurikiye urumuri mu mazi, ubwoko bwombi bugumana ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gufata UV-vis mu gihe cy'amasaha atanu. Ibi bivuze ko bitangirika byoroshye iyo ubonye urumuri. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bita imiterere y'ibinyabuzima. Ushobora kwizera ko amafulerene yombi azakomeza kugira ishusho yayo mu gihe cy'igerageza rinini.

Icyitonderwa: Kuba izi filime zihora zihindagurika cyane bituma izi filime zikora neza mu turemangingo tw’izuba n’ibindi bikoresho bigomba kumara igihe kirekire.

Igikorwa cyo gusubiramo ibintu (reactivity)

Uzasanga Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 bikora hamwe n'ibindi bintu mu buryo butandukanye. Imiterere n'ubusumbane bwa buri molekyuli bigira ingaruka ku buryo bikora. C60 ifite ishusho izengurutse kandi ifite ubusumbane bwinshi. Ibi biyiha ahantu hake ho kubaho ibikorwa bya shimi. C70 ifite ishusho ndende ifite ubusumbane buke. Ibi bitanga ahantu henshi ho gukora ibikorwa.

Iyo wongeyeho itsinda rimwe ry’ibinyabutabire kuri C60, ubona isomeri ebyiri gusa zishoboka. Ukoresheje C70, ushobora kubona isomeri umunani. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza iri tandukaniro:

Urabona ko C70 ikora ibintu bigoye cyane iyo uyikoresheje indi miti. Ibi bituma C70 iba ingirakamaro iyo ushaka gukora ibikoresho bishya bifite imiterere yihariye.

Gushonga

Ushobora kwibaza uburyo izi fullerenes zishonga neza mu bintu bivanze n'amazi. Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 byombi bishonga neza mu bintu bivanze n'ibinyabuzima nka toluene na benzene. C60 ishongesha neza kurusha C70. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ingano ya buri fullerene ushobora gushongesha muri ibyo bintu bivanze n'amazi:

Urabona ko C60 ishonga inshuro ebyiri kurusha C70 muri toluene. Muri benzene, itandukaniro ni rito, ariko C60 iracyashonga neza kurushaho.

• Gushonga kwa fullerenes zombi ntabwo buri gihe bigenda bizamuka iyo ushyushye amazi.
• Uzabona ko gushonga kw'amazi kuzamuka cyane mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
• Iyo ushyushye cyane, fullerenes zitangira gusohoka mu mazi.
• Ibi bibaho bitewe n'impinduka mu buryo molekile zifatana n'uburyo zikorana n'umusemburo.

Inama: Niba ushaka gushonga fullerene nyinshi, gerageza kugumana ubushyuhe hafi y'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba.

Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 bifite imiterere itandukanye ya fiziki na shimi. Ushobora gukoresha iri tandukaniro kugira ngo uhitemo molekile ikwiye umushinga wawe. Gukomera kwabyo, uburyo bihindukamo, no gushonga kwabyo byose bigira uruhare mu buryo ubikoresha muri siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.

Imikoreshereze n'Imikoreshereze ya Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70

Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya C60

Uzabona Fullerene C60 mu buvuzi bwinshi n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Mu buvuzi, C60 ifasha kunoza ibikoresho by'amenyo kandi bigatuma bimara igihe kirekire. Inarinda indwara zandura kandi ikagabanya ububyimbirwe mu kanwa. C60 ishobora gutwara imiti mu mubiri wawe ikayirekura buhoro buhoro, ibyo bigafasha kwibasira uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha C60 nk'umuti urwanya udukoko twitwa "free radicals" dutera gusaza n'indwara. Ubushakashatsi bukomeje gusuzuma ikoreshwa ryayo mu ndwara za kanseri n'ubwonko.

Dore imbonerahamwe igaragaza uburyo C60 ifasha urwego rw'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo n'urw'amenyo:

Ushobora kandi kubona C60 mu turemangingo tw’izuba tw’umwimerere ndetse n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kuko ihoraho kandi ihendutse.

Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya C70

Fullerene C70 ifite uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyikoresha kubera imiterere n'imiterere yayo yihariye. Uzabona C70 mu tunyangingo tw'izuba twateye imbere, aho yinjiza urumuri rw'izuba rwinshi kandi bigatuma tunyangingo bikora neza kurushaho. C70 ikora neza kandi mu byuma bipima urumuri n'amatara adafite umurongo, ari ingenzi ku bikoresho bigezweho. Mu buvuzi, C70 ifasha gutanga imiti kandi ishobora kuvura kanseri hakoreshejwe urumuri (photodynamic therapy). Hari amavuta yo kwisiga akoresha C70 kugira ngo agabanye gusaza k'uruhu.

Dore zimwe mu mikoreshereze y'ingenzi ya C70:

• Uturemangingo tw’izuba tw’umwimerere dukora neza cyane
• Imashini zipima amashusho zifite ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ubukana bwinshi
• Uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri hakoreshejwe photodynamic
• Sisitemu zo gutanga imiti
• Iby'ubwiza birwanya gusaza

Ingaruka z'itandukaniro ku bikorwa

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 rigira ingaruka ku buryo ukoresha. C60 ifite ishusho ndende kandi ihamye cyane, bituma iba nziza mu buvuzi no mu tunyangingo dusanzwe tw’izuba. C70 ifite ishusho ndende kandi ifata urumuri rwinshi, bityo ikora neza mu tunyangingo duto tw’izuba n’udupima urumuri.

Dore imbonerahamwe igereranya inshingano zabo mu turemangingo tw’izuba:

Ushobora guhitamo C60 kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo kugumana urumuri n'igiciro. Ushobora guhitamo C70 igihe ukeneye uburyo bwiza bwo gufata urumuri cyangwa ubuvuzi bwihariye. Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 biguha amahitamo yo gukoresha mu mishinga myinshi ya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.

Urabona ko Fullerene C60 na Fullerene C70 zifite imiterere n'ingano bitandukanye. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza itandukaniro ry'ingenzi:

Kumenya izi tandukaniro bigufasha guhitamo ifumbire ikwiye ijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati ya Fullerene C60 na C70?

Urabona ko C60 ifite ishusho y'uruziga, mu gihe C70 isa n'iy'uruziga. C70 nayo ifata urumuri rwinshi kandi igakora byoroshye.

Ese ushobora gukoresha C60 na C70 mu buvuzi?

Ushobora kubikoresha byombi mu buvuzi. C60 ifasha mu kurwanya indwara zandura no gusaza. C70 ikora neza mu kuvura kanseri no gutanga imiti.

Ese Fullerene C60 na C70 ni byiza kuzitwara?

Ugomba kwambara uturindantoki n'amadarubindi. Zombi ni nziza ku rugero ruto, ariko irinde guhumeka umukungugu cyangwa gukora ku ruhu rwawe.