Umahluko weFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 wenziwe lula
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- I-Fullerene C60 izinzile kwaye ininzi, ngelixa i-C70 ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza ukuba ibe luncedo kwizicelo eziphambili.
- I-C60 inesimo esingqukuva esinee-athomu zekhabhoni ezingama-60, ngelixa i-C70 inde ngee-athomu zekhabhoni ezingama-70, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokufunxwa kokukhanya.
- Zombini ii-fullerenes zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezonyango nakwitekhnoloji, apho i-C60 igqwesile ekusetyenzisweni kwamazinyo kunye ne-C70 kwi iiseli zelanga ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Umahluko kwiSakhiwo seFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70
Uthelekiso loBume kunye noBukhulu
Ungawubona umahluko phakathi kweFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 ngokujonga iimilo kunye nobukhulu bazo. I-C60 yenza imo ebizwa ngokuba yi-icosahedron enqunqiweyo. Le milo ifana nebhola ekhatywayo, enama-pentagons ali-12 kunye nama-hexagons angama-20. I-C70 iyanwebeka kwikheyiji ye-ellipsoidal, oko kuthetha ukuba inde kwaye ayingqukuva kune-C60. Iqulethe iipentagon ezili-12 kunye neehexagon ezingama-25. Ubungakanani be-C60 bumalunga neenanometers eziyi-0.7 ububanzi. I-C70 ilinganisa malunga neenanometers eziyi-0.71 ngeenanometers eziyi-0.79, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nkulu kancinci kwaye ibe yi-oval ngakumbi.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa la mahluko:
| AbaGcwalisi | Inani leeAthomu zeKhabhoni | Ijiyometri | Iinkcukacha zoBume |
|---|---|---|---|
| C60 | 60 | I-icosahedron enqunyulweyo | 12 iipentagon + 20 hexagons, ~0.7 nm |
| C70 | 70 | Ulwakhiwo lwekheji ye-ellipsoidal | Iipentagon ezili-12 + 25 oonohexagon, ~0.71 nm × ~0.79 nm |
Icebiso: Ungakhumbula ukuba i-C60 ingqukuva njengebhola, ngelixa i-C70 imile njengebhola yombhoxo.
Ulungiselelo lweMolekyuli
Xa ujonga kufutshane nolungiselelo lweemolekyuli, ubona ukuba iFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 zombini zisebenzisa iiathom zekhabhoni ukwakha iikheyiji zazo. Indlela ezi athom ezidibana ngayo itshintsha iipropati zemolekyuli nganye. I-C60 inomlinganiso ophezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izinze ngakumbi. I-C70 inomlinganiso ophantsi kuba iyanda kwaye yongeza iihexagons ezingaphezulu. Olu tshintsho kumlinganiso luchaphazela indlela eziziphatha ngayo iimolekyuli.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ulungelelwaniso lweepentagons kunye neehexagons:
| AbaGcwalisi | Inani leeAthomu zeKhabhoni | Ijiyometri | IPentagon | IiHexagons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C60 | 60 | I-icosahedron enqunyulweyo | 12 | 20 |
| C70 | 70 | Ulwakhiwo lwekheji ye-ellipsoidal | 12 | 25 |
Ungabona umahluko kuluhlu olulula:
- I-C60 ineepentagons ezili-12 kunye neehexagons ezingama-20.
- I-C70 ineepentagon ezili-12 kunye neehexagon ezingama-25.
Iihexagons ezongezelelweyo kwi-C70 ziyaphula ulungelelwaniso olufumaneka kwi-C60. Le nkqubo itshintsha iimpawu ze-elektroniki kwaye yenza i-C70 ifunxe ukukhanya kuluhlu olubanzi. Izazinzulu zisebenzisa idatha ye-spectroscopic ukufunda olu tshintsho. Utshintsho ukusuka kwi-C60 ukuya kwi-C70 lubandakanya ukwaphuka kolungelelwaniso, okukunceda uqonde indlela ezikheke ngayo ii-fullerene ezinkulu.
Qaphela: Zombini i-C60 kunye ne-C70 zisebenza njengezamkeli ze-electron. Zibonisa ii-redox states ezininzi kwaye zifunxa ngamandla kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo ye-UV. Ezi mpawu zizenza zibe luncedo kwiiseli zelanga nakwezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki.
I-Fullerene C60 kunye ne-Fullerene C70 zinemilo kunye nolungiselelo olwahlukileyo. Olu mahluko lukunceda ukhethe imolekyuli efanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho.
Iipropati zeFizikiki nezeKhemikhali zeFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70
Uzinzo
Usenokuzibuza ukuba ezi molekyuli zizinzile kangakanani. Zombini iFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 zibonisa uzinzo oluqinileyo, ingakumbi xa uzigcina kude nokukhanya okunamandla okanye ubushushu. Izakhiwo zazo ezinje ngekheji zinceda ukuba zingaqhekeki. Xa uzikhanyisa emanzini, zombini ezi ntlobo zigcina ukufunxwa kwazo yi-UV-vis phantse kungatshintshanga kangangeeyure ezintlanu. Oku kuthetha ukuba aziqhekeki lula phantsi kokukhanya. Izazinzulu zibiza oku ngokuba yi-property photostability. Ungabathemba bobabini ii-fullerenes ukuba zigcine imo yazo ngexesha lovavanyo oluninzi.
Qaphela: Ukuzinza okuphezulu kwefoto kwenza ezi fullerenes zibe luncedo kwiiseli zelanga nakwezinye izixhobo ezifuna ukuhlala ixesha elide.
Ukusabela kwakhona
Uza kufumanisa ukuba iFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 zisabela nezinye iikhemikhali ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Imilo kunye nokulingana kwemolekyuli nganye kuchaphazela indlela ezisabela ngayo. I-C60 inobume obungqukuva kunye nokulingana okuphezulu. Oku kuyinika iindawo ezimbalwa apho ii-chemical reactions zenzeka khona. I-C70 inobume obude obunokulingana okuphantsi. Oku kudala amabala amaninzi ee-reactions.
Xa udibanisa iqela elinye leekhemikhali kwi-C60, ufumana ii-isomers ezimbini kuphela ezinokwenzeka. Nge-C70, ungafumana ii-isomers ezifikelela kwisibhozo. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa lo mahluko:
| Uhlobo lweFullerene | Ii-Isomers zeMonoaddition | Ukukhetha kwakhona kwezinto ezininzi |
|---|---|---|
| C60 | 2 (1,2 kunye no-1,4) | Ukukhetha okuphantsi kwe-regioselectivity |
| C70 | 8 (1,2 kunye no-5,6) | Ii-regioisomers ezintsonkothileyo zenziwe |
Ungabona ukuba i-C70 yenza iimveliso ezintsonkothileyo xa uyidibanisa nezinye iikhemikhali. Oku kwenza i-C70 ibe luncedo xa ufuna ukwenza izinto ezintsha ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo.
Ukunyibilika
Ungabuza ukuba ezi fullerenes zinyibilika kakuhle kangakanani na kulwelo. I-Fullerene C60 kunye ne-Fullerene C70 zombini zinyibilika ngcono kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-toluene kunye ne-benzene. I-C60 idla ngokunyibilika ngcono kune-C70. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ukuba ingakanani i-fullerene nganye onokuyinyibilikisa kwezi zinyibilikisi:
| Isinyibilikisi | C60 (g/L) | C70 (g/L) |
|---|---|---|
| IToluene | 3 | 1.406 |
| I-Benzene | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Ungabona ukuba i-C60 inyibilika ngokuphindwe kabini kune-C70 kwi-toluene. Kwi-benzene, umahluko mncinci, kodwa i-C60 isanyibilika ngcono kancinci.
- Ukunyibilika kwee-fullerenes zombini akusoloko kusanda njengoko ufudumeza ulwelo.
- Uza kuphawula ukuba ukunyibilika kufikelela kubushushu begumbi.
- Ukuba ushushu ngakumbi isisombululo, ii-fullerenes ziqala ukuphuma kulwelo.
- Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela iimolekyuli ezinamathelana ngayo kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo nesinyibilikisi.
Icebiso: Ukuba ufuna ukunyibilikisa i-fullerene engakumbi, zama ukugcina ubushushu busondele kubushushu begumbi.
I-Fullerene C60 kunye ne-Fullerene C70 zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali. Ungasebenzisa la mahluko ukukhetha imolekyuli efanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho. Uzinzo lwazo, ukusabela kwazo, kunye nokunyibilika kwazo zonke zidlala indima kwindlela ozisebenzisa ngayo kwisayensi nakwitekhnoloji.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70
Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo kwe-C60
Uza kufumana I-Fullerene C60 kwiindlela ezininzi zonyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-elektroniki. Kwizonyango, i-C60 inceda ukuphucula izixhobo zamazinyo kwaye izenze zihlale ixesha elide. Ikwathintela usulelo kwaye inciphise ukudumba emlonyeni. I-C60 inokuthwala amayeza emzimbeni wakho kwaye iwakhulule kancinci, nto leyo enceda ekujoliseni iiseli ezithile. Izazinzulu zisebenzisa i-C60 njenge-antioxidant ukulwa nee-free radicals ezibangela ukwaluphala kunye nezifo. Uphando luyaqhubeka nokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumhlaza kunye nezifo zobuchopho.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa indlela i-C60 enceda ngayo amacandelo amazinyo kunye nezonyango:
| Inkcazo yeNzuzo | Iinkcukacha |
|---|---|
| Iipropati zoomatshini | Iphucula amandla ezinto zamazinyo |
| Uthintelo losulelo | Iyeka iintsholongwane kunye neefungi emlonyeni |
| Ukuhanjiswa Kwamayeza | Ithwala kwaye ikhuphe amayeza kwiiseli ekujoliswe kuzo |
| I-Antioxidant | Ithintela ii-free radicals |
| Ubude bexesha le-Implants | Yenza ukuba izifakelo zamazinyo zihlale ixesha elide |
| Ukuthintela ukudumba | Yehlisa ukudumba kunye nokurhawuzelelwa |
Ungafumana ne-C60 kwiiseli zelanga zendalo kunye ne-elektroniki kuba izinzile kwaye ingabizi kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo kwe-C70
I-Fullerene C70 ineendlela ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa ngenxa yesimo sayo esahlukileyo kunye neempawu zayo. Uza kubona i-C70 kwiiseli zelanga eziphambili, apho ifunxa khona ukukhanya kwelanga okungakumbi kwaye yenza iiseli zisebenze kakuhle ngakumbi. I-C70 ikwasebenza kakuhle kwi-photodetectors kunye ne-nonlinear optics, ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kwizonyango, i-C70 inceda ukuhambisa amayeza kwaye inokunyanga umhlaza ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya (unyango lwe-photodynamic). Ezinye izinto zokuthambisa zisebenzisa i-C70 ukunciphisa ukuguga kolusu.
Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-C70:
- Iiseli zelanga zendalo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu
- Iifotodetectors ezinovakalelo oluphezulu
- Unyango lwe-Photodynamic lomhlaza
- Iinkqubo zokuhambisa amayeza
- Izithambiso zokulwa nokwaluphala
Impembelelo yoMmahluko kwiZicelo
Umahluko phakathi kweFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 uchaphazela indlela ozisebenzisa ngayo. I-C60 inomumo ongqukuva kunye nozinzo oluphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ntle kwiindlela zonyango kunye neeseli zelanga eziqhelekileyo. I-C70 inomumo ode kwaye ifunxa uluhlu olubanzi lokukhanya, ngoko ke isebenza ngcono kwiiseli zelanga kunye nee-photodetectors ezisebenza kakuhle.
Nantsi itheyibhile ethelekisa iindima zabo kwiiseli zelanga:
| Uhlobo lweFullerene | I-Spectrum yokufunxa ukukhanya | Ukusebenza kakuhle kweeSeli zeLanga |
|---|---|---|
| C60 | Iiwavelengths ezahlukeneyo | Ukusebenza kakuhle okuqhelekileyo |
| C70 | I-spectrum ebanzi | Ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu |
Ungakhetha i-C60 ukuze ufumane uzinzo kunye nexabiso. Ungakhetha i-C70 xa ufuna ukufunxwa okungcono kokukhanya okanye unyango olukhethekileyo lwezonyango. I-Fullerene C60 kunye ne-Fullerene C70 zikunika ukhetho kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zesayensi kunye netekhnoloji.
Ungabona ukuba iFullerene C60 kunye neFullerene C70 zinemilo nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa umahluko ophambili:
| Ipharamitha | C60 | C70 |
|---|---|---|
| Imilo | Ingqukuva | I-spheroid ende |
| Inani leAtom yeKhabhoni | 60 | 70 |
| Ulungelelwaniso | Phezulu | Ezantsi |
Ukwazi la mahluko kukunceda ukhethe i-fullerene efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
FAQ
Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweFullerene C60 kunye neC70?
Uyabona i-C60 inesimo esingqukuva, ngelixa i-C70 ijongeka ngathi yi-oval. I-C70 ikwafunxa ukukhanya okungakumbi kwaye isabela lula.
Ngaba ungayisebenzisa i-C60 kunye ne-C70 kwezonyango?
Ungazisebenzisa zombini kwezonyango. I-C60 inceda ukulwa nosulelo kunye nokwaluphala. I-C70 isebenza kakuhle kunyango lomhlaza kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamayeza.
Ngaba iFullerene C60 kunye neC70 zikhuselekile ukuziphatha?
Ufanele unxibe iiglavu kunye neeglasi. Zombini ii-fullerenes zikhuselekile xa zincinci, kodwa kuphephe ukuphefumla uthuli okanye ukuchukumisa ulusu lwakho.