Kusiyana kweFullerene C60 neFullerene C70 kwave nyore
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Fullerene C60 yakagadzikana uye yakawanda, nepo C70 ine hunhu hwakasiyana hunoita kuti ishande mumabasa epamusoro.
- C60 ine chimiro chedenderedzwa chine maatomu makumi matanhatu ekabhoni, nepo C70 yakarebeswa ine maatomu makumi manomwe ekabhoni, zvichikanganisa mashandiro adzo uye kunyudzwa kwechiedza.
- Mafullerenes ese ari maviri ane mashandisirwo akakosha mukurapa netekinoroji, C60 inobudirira mukushandisa mazino uye C70 mu masero ezuva anoshanda zvakanyanya.
Kusiyana kweMusiyano weZvimiro zveFullerene C60 neFullerene C70
Kuenzanisa Chimiro uye Saizi
Unogona kuona musiyano uripo pakati peFullerene C60 neFullerene C70 nekutarisa maumbirwo nehukuru hwadzo. C60 inoumba chimiro chinonzi icosahedron yakapfupikiswa. Chimiro ichi chinotaridzika sebhora renhabvu, rine mapentagons gumi nemaviri uye mahexagons makumi maviri. C70 inotambanudzwa mukeji yakaita ellipsoidal, zvinoreva kuti yakareba uye haina kutenderera kupfuura C60. Ine mapentagoni gumi nemaviri uye mahexagoni makumi maviri nemashanu. Saizi yeC60 ine upamhi hwema nanomita angangoita 0.7. C70 ine hurefu hwema nanomita angangoita 0.71 ne 0.79 nanomita, zvichiita kuti ive yakakura zvishoma uye yakaita denderedzwa.
Heino tafura inoratidza misiyano iyi:
| Vazere | Huwandu hweAtomu dzeKabhoni | Jiometri | Ruzivo rweChimiro |
|---|---|---|---|
| C60 | 60 | Icosahedron yakachekwa | 12 pentagoni + 20 hexagoni, ~ 0.7 nm |
| C70 | 70 | Chimiro chekeji yeellipsoidal | 12 pentagoni + 25 hexagoni, ~0.71 nm × ~0.79 nm |
Zano: Unogona kuyeuka kuti C60 yakaita denderedzwa sebhora, nepo C70 yakaita sebhora rerugby.
Kurongeka kweMolecular
Paunonyatsotarisa kurongeka kwemamorekuru, unoona kuti Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 ese anoshandisa maatomu ekabhoni kuvaka macage awo. Mabatirwo emaatomu aya anochinja hunhu hwemorekuru yega yega. C60 ine symmetry yakakwira, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakasimba. C70 ine symmetry yakaderera nekuti inotambanuka uye inowedzera ma hexagon akawanda. Kuchinja uku kwesymmetry kunokanganisa maitiro emamorekuru.
Heino tafura inoratidza kurongeka kwemapentagons nemahexagons:
| Vazere | Huwandu hweAtomu dzeKabhoni | Jiometri | Pentagon | Mahexagoni |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C60 | 60 | Icosahedron yakachekwa | 12 | 20 |
| C70 | 70 | Chimiro chekeji yeellipsoidal | 12 | 25 |
Unogona zvakare kuona mutsauko uri murondedzero iri nyore:
- C60 ine mapentagoni gumi nemaviri uye mahexagoni makumi maviri.
- C70 ine 12 pentagoni uye 25 hexagoni.
Mahexagon ekuwedzera ari muC70 anotyora symmetry inowanikwa muC60. Maitiro aya anochinja hunhu hwemagetsi uye anoita kuti C70 itore chiedza kupfuura chero nzvimbo yakakura. Masayendisiti anoshandisa data respectroscopic kudzidza shanduko idzi. Kuchinja kubva kuC60 kuenda kuC70 kunosanganisira symmetry break, izvo zvinokubatsira kunzwisisa kuti macage efullerene akakura anoumbwa sei.
Cherechedza: C60 neC70 zvese zvinoshanda sema electron acceptors. Zvinoratidza ma redox states akawanda uye zvinonwisa simba mu UV-visible spectrum. Maficha aya anoita kuti ashande mu solar cells nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemagetsi.
Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 dzine maumbirwo akasiyana uye marongerwo akasiyana. Kusiyana uku kunokubatsira kusarudza molekyulu yakakodzera purojekiti yako.
Hunhu hweFullerene C60 neFullerene C70
Kugadzikana
Ungashamisika kuti mamorekuru aya akasimba zvakadii. Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 ese anoratidza kugadzikana kwakasimba, kunyanya kana ukadzichengetedza kure nechiedza chakasimba kana kupisa. Maumbirwo adzo akasiyana-siyana akafanana nekeji anobatsira kuti dzisaputsika. Paunodzivhenekera mumvura, mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzinochengetedza kunyudzwa kwadzo kweUV-vis kusina kuchinja kwemaawa mashanu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hadziputsikane nyore nyore pasi pechiedza. Masayendisiti anoti izvi zvinogona kugadzikana nechiedza. Unogona kuvimba nemafullerenes ese ari maviri kuti arambe aine chimiro chawo panguva dzakawanda dzekuedza.
Cherechedza: Kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwemifananidzo kunoita kuti mafurerene aya ashande mumasero ezuva nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinoda kugara kwenguva yakareba.
Kuitazve (reactivity)
Uchaona kuti Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 zvinosangana nemamwe makemikari nenzira dzakasiyana. Chimiro nekuenzana kwemorekuru yega yega zvinokanganisa maitiro azvinoita. C60 ine chimiro chakatenderera uye symmetry yakakura. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive nenzvimbo shoma dzekuti makemikari aite. C70 ine chimiro chakareba chine symmetry yakaderera. Izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuita.
Kana ukawedzera boka rimwe remakemikari kuC60, unowana maisomeri maviri chete. NeC70, unogona kuwana maisomeri anosvika masere. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza musiyano uyu:
| Rudzi rweFullerene | Monoaddition Isomers | Kusarudza Kwekuwedzera Kwenzvimbo Dzakawanda |
|---|---|---|
| C60 | 2 (1, 2 na 1, 4) | Kusarudzwa kwakaderera kwenzvimbo |
| C70 | 8 (1, 2 na 5, 6) | Ma "complex regioisomers" akaumbwa |
Unogona kuona kuti C70 inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvakaoma kana ukaisanganisa nemamwe makemikari. Izvi zvinoita kuti C70 ishande kana uchida kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvine hunhu hwakakosha.
Kunyunguduka
Ungabvunza kuti ma-fullerene aya anonyungudika sei mumvura. Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 ese ari maviri anonyungudika zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinonyungudika zvakaita setoluene nebenzene. C60 inowanzonyungudika zviri nani pane C70. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti ingani yefullerene imwe neimwe yaunogona kunyungudika muzvinhu izvi zvinonyungudika:
| Chinonyungudutsa | C60 (g/L) | C70 (g/L) |
|---|---|---|
| Toluene | 3 | 1.406 |
| Benzene | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Unogona kuona kuti C60 inonyungudika kaviri kupfuura C70 mu toluene. Mu benzene, musiyano wacho mudiki, asi C60 ichiri kunyungudika zviri nani.
- Kunyungudika kwemafullerene ese ari maviri hakuwanzo kukwira paunenge uchipisa mvura yacho.
- Uchaona kuti kunyungudika kunosvika pakupisa kwemukamuri.
- Kana ukapisa mushonga zvakanyanya, mafullerene anotanga kubuda mumvura.
- Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekuchinja kwemaitiro emamorekuru anonamatirana pamwe chete uye kuti anodyidzana sei nechinhu chinonyungudutsa.
Zano: Kana uchida kunyungudutsa fullerene yakawanda, edza kuchengetedza tembiricha iri pedyo netembiricha yemumba.
Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 dzine hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri nehwemakemikari. Unogona kushandisa misiyano iyi kusarudza molekyulu yakakodzera purojekiti yako. Kugadzikana kwayo, kuita kwayo, uye kunyungudika kwayo zvese zvine chekuita nemashandisiro aunoita sainzi netekinoroji.
Mashandisirwo uye Mashandisirwo eFullerene C60 neFullerene C70
Mashandisirwo Akajairika eC60
Uchawana Fullerene C60 mune dzakawanda zvehutano uye mashandisirwo emagetsi. Mukurapa, C60 inobatsira kuvandudza zvinhu zvemazino uye inoita kuti zvigare kwenguva refu. Inodzivirirawo hutachiona uye inoderedza kuzvimba mumuromo. C60 inogona kutakura mishonga mumuviri wako uye kuisunungura zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinobatsira kunanga mamwe masero. Masayendisiti anoshandisa C60 seantioxidant kurwisa mafree radicals anokonzera kukwegura nezvirwere. Tsvagiridzo iri kuramba ichiongorora kushandiswa kwayo mukenza nezvirwere zveuropi.
Heino tafura inoratidza kuti C60 inobatsira sei mubazi remazino nerezvekurapa:
| Tsananguro yeBatsiro | Zvidimbu |
|---|---|
| Zvivakwa zveMichina | Inovandudza simba remazino |
| Kudzivirira Kutapukirwa | Inomisa mabhakitiriya nefungus mumuromo |
| Kutumirwa Kwemishonga | Inotakura uye inoburitsa mushonga kumasero anoshandiswa |
| Antioxidant | Inoderedza ma free radicals |
| Kugara kwenguva refu kwezvidyarwa | Zvinoita kuti ma implants emazino agare kwenguva refu |
| Kudzivirira Kuzvimba | Inoderedza kuzvimba nekutsamwa |
Unogona zvakare kuwana C60 mumasero ezuva eorganic uye mumagetsi nekuti yakagadzikana uye inodhura zvishoma.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika eC70
Fullerene C70 ine mashandisirwo akakosha nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasiyana uye hunhu hwayo. Uchaona C70 mumasero ezuva epamusoro, uko inonwisa chiedza chezuva chakawanda uye inoita kuti masero ashande zvakanaka. C70 inoshandawo zvakanaka muzvioni zvemafoto uye maoptics asiri emutsara, izvo zvakakosha kumidziyo yepamusoro-soro. Mukurapa, C70 inobatsira kuendesa mishonga uye inogona kurapa kenza uchishandisa chiedza (photodynamic therapy). Mamwe macosmetics anoshandisa C70 kuderedza kukwegura kweganda.
Heano mamwe mashandisirwo makuru eC70:
- Masero ezuva anoshanda zvakanyanya
- Zvishandiso zvekuongorora mifananidzo zvine hunhu hwepamusoro
- Kurapa kwePhotodynamic kwegomarara
- Masisitimu ekupa mishonga
- Zvizoro zvinorwisa kukwegura
Mhedzisiro yeMusiyano paMashandisirwo
Musiyano uripo pakati peFullerene C60 neFullerene C70 unokanganisa mashandisiro aunoita. C60 ine chimiro chedenderedzwa uye yakasimba, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka pakushandiswa kwekurapa uye masero ezuva akajairwa. C70 ine chimiro chakareba uye inonwisa chiedza chakakura, saka inoshanda zvirinani mumasero ezuva anoshanda zvakanyanya uye maphotodetector.
Heino tafura inoenzanisa mabasa avo mumasero ezuva:
| Rudzi rweFullerene | Chiedza Chinotora Mvura | Kushanda zvakanaka kwemasero ezuva |
|---|---|---|
| C60 | Marefu ehurefu akasiyana | Kushanda zvakanaka kwakajairika |
| C70 | Rudzi rwakakura | Kubudirira kwepamusoro |
Unogona kusarudza C60 kuti ugare wakasimba uye mutengo wayo. Unogona kusarudza C70 kana uchida kupinza chiedza zviri nani kana kurapwa kwakakosha. Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 zvinokupa sarudzo dzemapurojekiti mazhinji esainzi netekinoroji.
Unogona kuona kuti Fullerene C60 neFullerene C70 dzine maumbirwo nehukuru hwakasiyana. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mutsauko mukuru:
| Paramita | C60 | C70 |
|---|---|---|
| Chimiro | Yakatenderera | Spheroid yakareba |
| Kuwanda kweAtomu yeKabhoni | 60 | 70 |
| Kufanana | Yakakwirira | Zasi |
Kuziva misiyano iyi kunokubatsira kusarudza fullerene yakakodzera zvaunoda.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati peFullerene C60 neC70?
Unoona C60 ine chimiro chedenderedzwa, nepo C70 ichitaridzika sedenderedzwa. C70 inonwisawo chiedza chakawanda uye inoita zviri nyore.
Unogona kushandisa C60 neC70 mukurapa here?
Unogona kushandisa zvese mukurapa. C60 inobatsira kurwisa hutachiona uye kukwegura. C70 inoshanda zvakanaka mukurapa kenza uye kupa mishonga.
Ko Fullerene C60 neC70 zvakachengeteka here kubata?
Unofanira kupfeka magirovhosi nemagogorosi. Mafurereni ese ari maviri akachengeteka kana ari madiki, asi usafema guruva kana kubata ganda rako.