Umehluko we-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 wenziwe lula
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- I-Fullerene C60 izinzile futhi itholakala kalula, kuyilapho i-C70 inezakhiwo ezihlukile ezenza ibe usizo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe.
- I-C60 inesimo esiyindilinga esinama-athomu e-carbon angu-60, kuyilapho i-C70 inwetshwe ngama-athomu e-carbon angu-70, okuthinta ukusebenza kwawo kanye nokumuncwa kokukhanya.
- Zombili i-fullerenes zinokusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwezokwelapha kanye nobuchwepheshe, kanti i-C60 ivelele kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamazinyo kanye ne-C70 ku amaseli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Umehluko Wesakhiwo se-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70
Ukuqhathanisa Ubume Nobukhulu
Ungabona umehluko phakathi kweFullerene C60 neFullerene C70 ngokubheka izimo nobukhulu bazo. I-C60 yakha isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-icosahedron enqunyiwe. Lesi simo sibukeka njengebhola lezinyawo, elinama-pentagon ayi-12 nama-hexagon angama-20. I-C70 iyanwebeka ibe yikheji eliyi-ellipsoidal, okusho ukuthi inde futhi ayindilinga kangako kune-C60. Iqukethe ama-pentagon ayi-12 nama-hexagon angama-25. Usayizi we-C60 ungamamitha angu-0.7 ububanzi. I-C70 ilinganisa ama-nanometer angaba ngu-0.71 ngama-nanometer angu-0.79, okwenza ibe nkulu kancane futhi ibe yi-oval.
Nasi ithebula elibonisa lo mehluko:
| Abagcwele | Inani lama-Athomu e-Carbon | Ijiyometri | Imininingwane Yesakhiwo |
|---|---|---|---|
| C60 | 60 | I-icosahedron enqunyiwe | 12 amaphentagoni + 20 hexagon, ~0.7 nm |
| C70 | 70 | Isakhiwo sekheji eliyi-ellipsoidal | 12 amaphentagoni + 25 hexagon, ~0.71 nm × ~0.79 nm |
Icebiso: Ungakhumbula ukuthi i-C60 iyindilinga njengebhola, kanti i-C70 ibunjwe njengebhola lombhoxo.
Ukuhlelwa Kwama-Molecular
Uma ubhekisisa ukuhlelwa kwama-molecule, ubona ukuthi i-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zombili zisebenzisa ama-athomu e-carbon ukwakha amakheji azo. Indlela la ma-athomu axhumana ngayo ishintsha izakhiwo ze-molecule ngayinye. I-C60 inokulingana okuphezulu, okwenza iqine kakhudlwana. I-C70 inokulingana okuphansi ngoba iyanwebeka futhi yengeze ama-hexagon amaningi. Lolu shintsho lokulingana luthinta indlela ama-molecule aziphatha ngayo.
Nasi ithebula elibonisa ukuhlelwa kwama-pentagon nama-hexagon:
| Abagcwele | Inani lama-Athomu e-Carbon | Ijiyometri | IPentagon | Ama-Hexagon |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C60 | 60 | I-icosahedron enqunyiwe | 12 | 20 |
| C70 | 70 | Isakhiwo sekheji eliyi-ellipsoidal | 12 | 25 |
Ungabona futhi umehluko ohlwini olulula:
- I-C60 inama-pentagon ayi-12 nama-hexagon angama-20.
- I-C70 inamapentagoni angu-12 namaheksagoni angu-25.
Ama-hexagon engeziwe ku-C70 aphula ukulingana okutholakala ku-C60. Le nqubo ishintsha izakhiwo ze-elekthronikhi futhi yenza i-C70 imunce ukukhanya ebangeni elibanzi. Ososayensi basebenzisa idatha ye-spectroscopic ukutadisha lezi zinguquko. Ukuguquka kusuka ku-C60 kuya ku-C70 kuhilela ukuqhekeka kokulingana, okukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi amakheji amakhulu e-fullerene akheka kanjani.
Qaphela: Zombili i-C60 ne-C70 zisebenza njengezamukeli zama-electron. Zibonisa izimo eziningi ze-redox futhi zimunca kakhulu ku-spectrum ebonakalayo ye-UV. Lezi zici zizenza zibe usizo kumaseli elanga nakwamanye amadivayisi kagesi.
I-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zinezimo ezihlukile kanye nokuhleleka. Lokhu kwehluka kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe i-molecule efanele iphrojekthi yakho.
Izakhiwo Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali ze-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70
Ukuzinza
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi la ma-molecule azinzile kangakanani. I-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zombili zibonisa ukuzinza okuqinile, ikakhulukazi uma uzigcina kude nokukhanya okunamandla noma ukushisa. Izakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ezifana nekheji ziyazisiza ukuthi zimelane nokuqhekeka. Uma uzikhanyisa emanzini, zombili izinhlobo zigcina ukumuncwa kwazo yi-UV-vis cishe kungashintshi amahora amahlanu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi aziqhekeki kalula ngaphansi kokukhanya. Ososayensi bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi yi-property photositability. Ungawethemba womabili ama-fullerenes ukuthi azogcina isimo sawo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuningi.
Qaphela: Ukuzinza okuphezulu kwesithombe kwenza lawa ma-fullerenes abe usizo kumaseli elanga nakwamanye amadivayisi adinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukusabela kabusha
Uzothola ukuthi i-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zisabela namanye amakhemikhali ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuma kanye nokulingana kwe-molecule ngayinye kuthinta indlela ezisabela ngayo. I-C60 inomumo oyindilinga kanye nokulingana okuphezulu. Lokhu kuyinika izindawo ezimbalwa lapho kwenzeka khona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-C70 inomumo omude onokulingana okuphansi. Lokhu kudala izindawo eziningi zokusabela.
Uma ufaka iqembu elilodwa lamakhemikhali ku-C60, uthola ama-isomer amabili kuphela angaba khona. Nge-C70, ungathola ama-isomer afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa lo mehluko:
| Uhlobo lwe-Fullerene | Ama-Isomers e-Monoaddition | Ukukhetha kabusha kwe-Multiaddition |
|---|---|---|
| C60 | 2 (1, 2 kanye no-1, 4) | Ukukhetha okuphansi kwe-regioselectivity |
| C70 | 8 (1,2 kanye no-5,6) | Ama-regioisomers ayinkimbinkimbi akhiwe |
Ungabona ukuthi i-C70 yakha imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma uyiphendula namanye amakhemikhali. Lokhu kwenza i-C70 ibe usizo uma ufuna ukudala izinto ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile.
Ukuncibilika
Ungase ubuze ukuthi lawa ma-fullerene ancibilika kahle kangakanani koketshezi. I-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zombili zincibilika kahle kakhulu kumakhemikhali aphilayo njenge-toluene kanye ne-benzene. I-C60 ivame ukuncibilika kangcono kune-C70. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi ingakanani i-fullerene ngayinye ongayincibilikisa kulezi zincibilikisi:
| Isinyibilikisi | C60 (g/L) | C70 (g/L) |
|---|---|---|
| I-Toluene | 3 | 1.406 |
| I-Benzene | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Ungabona ukuthi i-C60 incibilika cishe kabili kune-C70 ku-toluene. Ku-benzene, umehluko mncane, kodwa i-C60 isancibilika kangcono kancane.
- Ukuncibilika kwama-fullerenes womabili akuhlali kukhuphuka njengoba ufudumeza uketshezi.
- Uzoqaphela ukuthi ukuncibilika kufinyelela ezingeni lokushisa legumbi.
- Uma ushisa ikhambi kakhulu, ama-fullerenes aqala ukuphuma oketshezini.
- Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko endleleni ama-molecule anamathelana ngayo kanye nendlela asebenzisana ngayo nesinyibilikisi.
Icebiso: Uma ufuna ukuncibilikisa i-fullerene eningi, zama ukugcina izinga lokushisa liseduze nezinga lokushisa legumbi.
I-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zinezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ungasebenzisa lo mehluko ukukhetha i-molecule efanele iphrojekthi yakho. Ukuqina kwayo, ukusabela kwayo, kanye nokuncibilika kwayo konke kudlala indima endleleni oyisebenzisa ngayo kwisayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nokusetshenziswa kwe-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile kwe-C60
Uzothola I-Fullerene C60 ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezokwelapha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-elekthronikhi. Kwezokwelapha, i-C60 isiza ekuthuthukiseni izinto zamazinyo futhi izenze zihlale isikhathi eside. Iphinde ivimbele ukutheleleka futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala emlonyeni. I-C60 ingathwala imithi emzimbeni wakho futhi iyikhulule kancane, okusiza ekuhlaseleni amaseli athile. Ososayensi basebenzisa i-C60 njenge-antioxidant ukulwa nama-free radical abangela ukuguga nezifo. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumdlavuza nezifo zobuchopho.
Nasi ithebula elibonisa ukuthi i-C60 izuzisa kanjani imikhakha yamazinyo neyezokwelapha:
| Incazelo Yenzuzo | Imininingwane |
|---|---|
| Izakhiwo Zemishini | Kuthuthukisa amandla ezinto zamazinyo |
| Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka | Kuvimba amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta emlonyeni |
| Ukulethwa Kwezidakamizwa | Ithwala futhi ikhiphe imithi iye kumaseli aqondiwe |
| I-Antioxidant | Iqeda ama-free radicals |
| Ubude Besikhathi Sezimila | Kwenza ukuthi izimila zamazinyo zihlale isikhathi eside |
| Ukuvimbela Ukuvuvukala | Yehlisa ukuvuvukala nokucasuka |
Ungathola futhi i-C60 kumaseli elanga aphilayo kanye ne-elekthronikhi ngoba izinzile futhi iyabiza.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile kwe-C70
I-Fullerene C70 inokusetshenziswa okukhethekile ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo zayo. Uzobona i-C70 kumaseli elanga athuthukile, lapho imunca khona ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe futhi yenza amaseli asebenze kahle kakhulu. I-C70 isebenza kahle kuma-photodetector kanye nama-optic angewona aqondile, abalulekile kumadivayisi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kwezokwelapha, i-C70 iyasiza ekuletheni imithi futhi ingalapha umdlavuza ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya (ukwelashwa nge-photodynamic). Ezinye izimonyo zisebenzisa i-C70 ukuze zinciphise ukuguga kwesikhumba.
Nazi ezinye izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-C70:
- Amaseli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu
- Ama-Photodetector anokuzwela okuphezulu
- Ukwelashwa nge-photodynamic komdlavuza
- Izinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa
- Izimonyo ezilwa nokuguga
Umthelela Wokungafani Ezicelweni
Umehluko phakathi kweFullerene C60 neFullerene C70 uthinta indlela ozisebenzisa ngayo. I-C60 inomumo oyindilinga kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, okwenza ibe yinhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha kanye namaseli elanga ajwayelekile. I-C70 inomumo omude futhi imunca ububanzi obubanzi bokukhanya, ngakho-ke isebenza kangcono kumaseli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nama-photodetector.
Nasi ithebula eliqhathanisa imisebenzi yabo kumaseli elanga:
| Uhlobo lwe-Fullerene | I-Spectrum Yokumunca Ukukhanya | Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamaseli Elanga |
|---|---|---|
| C60 | Ama-wavelength ahlukile | Ukusebenza kahle okujwayelekile |
| C70 | I-spectrum ebanzi | Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu |
Ungakhetha i-C60 ukuze uthole ukuzinza kanye nezindleko. Ungakhetha i-C70 uma udinga ukumuncwa okungcono kokukhanya noma ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha. I-Fullerene C60 kanye ne-Fullerene C70 zikunikeza izinketho zamaphrojekthi amaningi esayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Ungabona ukuthi i-Fullerene C60 ne-Fullerene C70 zinezimo nobukhulu obuhlukene. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa umehluko omkhulu:
| Ipharamitha | C60 | C70 |
|---|---|---|
| Isimo | Okuyindilinga | I-spheroid ende |
| Inani le-Athomu yeKhabhoni | 60 | 70 |
| Ukulingana | Phezulu | Ngaphansi |
Ukwazi lokhu kungafani kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe i-fullerene efanele izidingo zakho.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Fullerene C60 ne-C70?
Uyabona i-C60 inesimo esiyindilinga, kanti i-C70 ibukeka njenge-oval. I-C70 imunca nokukhanya okwengeziwe futhi isabela kalula.
Ungakwazi yini ukusebenzisa i-C60 ne-C70 kwezokwelapha?
Ungasebenzisa kokubili kwezokwelapha. I-C60 iyasiza ekulweni nezifo kanye nokuguga. I-C70 isebenza kahle ekwelapheni umdlavuza kanye nokulethwa kwemithi.
Ingabe i-Fullerene C60 ne-C70 ziphephile ukuziphatha?
Kufanele ugqoke amagilavu nezibuko. Zombili i-fullerenes ziphephile ngobuningi obuncane, kodwa gwema ukuphefumula uthuli noma ukuthinta isikhumba sakho.